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Visual Studio for Mac makes it easy to develop your app's service with its support for the latest ASP.NET Core Web development platform. ASP.NET Core runs on .NET Core, the latest evolution of the .NET Framework and runtime. It's been tuned for fast performance, factored for small install sizes, and reimagined to run on Linux and macOS, as well as Windows.

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Installing .NET Core

.NET Core 2.1 is automatically installed when you install Visual Studio for Mac.

Creating an ASP.NET Core app in Visual Studio for Mac

Open Visual Studio for Mac. On the Start Screen, select New Project..

This will display the New Project dialog, allowing you to select a template to create your application.

There are a number of projects that will provide you with a pre-built template to start building your ASP.NET Core Application. These are:

  • .NET Core > Empty
  • .NET Core > API
  • .NET Core > Web Application
  • .NET Core > Web Application (Model-View-Controller)

How to recover an email outlook mac. Select the ASP.NET Core Empty Web Application and press Next. Give the Project a Name and press Create. This creates a new ASP.NET Core app. In the solution pad's left pane, expand the second arrow and then select Startup.cs. It should look similar to the image below:

The ASP.NET Core Empty template creates a web application with two default files: Program.cs and Startup.cs, which are explained below. It also creates a Dependencies folder, which contains your project's NuGet package dependencies such as ASP.NET Core, the .NET Core framework, and the MSBuild targets that build the project:

Program.cs

Open and inspect the Program.cs file in your project. Notice that several things are happening in the Main method – the entry into your app:

An ASP.NET Core app creates a web server in its main method by configuring and launching a host via an instance of WebHostBuilder. This builder provides methods to allow the host to be configured. In the template app the following configurations are used:

  • .UseStartup<Startup>(): Specifies the Startup class.

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However, you can also add additional configurations, such as:

  • UseKestrel: Specifies the Kestrel server will be used by the app
  • UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()): Uses the web project's root folder as the app's content root when the app is started from this folder
  • .UseIISIntegration(): Specifies that the app should work with IIS. To use IIS with ASP.NET Core both UseKestrel and UseIISIntegration need to be specified.

Startup.cs

The Startup class for your app is specified in the UseStartup() method on the CreateWebHostBuilder. It is in this class that you will specify the request handling pipeline, and where you configure any services.

Open and inspect the Startup.cs file in your project:

Visual

This Startup class must always adhere to the following rules:

  • It must always be public
  • It must contain the two public methods: ConfigureServices and Configure

The ConfigureServices method defines the services that will be used by your app.

The Configure allows you to compose your request pipeline using Middleware. These are components used within an ASP.NET application pipeline to handle requests and responses. The HTTP pipeline consists of a number of request delegates, called in sequence. Each delegate can choose to either handle the request itself, or pass it to the next delegate.

You can configure delegates by using the Run,Map, and Use methods on IApplicationBuilder, but the Run method will never call a next delegate and should always be used at the end of your pipeline.

The Configure method of the pre-built template is built to do a few things. First, it configures an exception handling page for use during development. Then, it sends a response to the requesting web page with a simple 'Hello World'.

This simple Hello, World project can run now without any additional code being added. To run the app, you can either select which browser you want to run app the app in using the dropdown right of the Play button, or simply hit the Play (triangular) button to use your default browser:

Visual Studio for Mac uses a random port to launch your web project. To find out what port this is, open the Application Output, which is listed under View > Pads. You should find output similar to that shown below:

Once the project is running, your default web browser should launch and connect to the URL listed in the Application Output. Alternatively, you can open any browser of your choice, and enter http://localhost:5000/, replacing the 5000 with the port that Visual Studio output in the Application Output. You should see the text Hello World!:

Adding a Controller

ASP.NET Core Apps use the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern to provide a logical separation of responsibilities for each part of the app. MVC consists of the following:

  • Model: A class that represents the data of the app.
  • View: Displays the app's user interface (which is often the model data).
  • Controller: A class which handles browser requests, responds to user input and interaction.

For more information on using MVC refer to Overview of ASP.NET Core MVC guide.

To add a controller, do the following:

  1. Right-click on the Project name and select Add > New Files. Select General > Empty Class, and enter a controller name:

  2. Add the following code to the new controller:

  3. Add the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc dependency to the project by right-clicking the Dependency folder, and selecting Add Package...

  4. Use the Search box to browse the NuGet library for Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc, and select Add Package. This may take a few minutes to install and you may be prompted to accept various licenses for the required dependencies:

  5. In the Startup class, remove the app.Run lambda and set the URL routing logic used by MVC to determine which code it should invoke to the following:

    Make sure to remove the app.Run lambda, as this will override the routing logic.

    MVC uses the following format, to determine which code to run:

    /[Controller]/[ActionName]/[Parameters]

    When you add the code snippet above, you are telling the app to default to the HelloWorld Controller, and the Index action method.

  6. Add the services.AddMvc(); call to the ConfigureServices method, as illustrated below:

    You can also pass parameter information from the URL to the controller.

  7. Add another method to your HelloWorldController, as illustrated below:

  8. If you run the app now, it should automatically open your browser:

  9. Try to browse to http://localhost:xxxx/HelloWorld/Xamarin?name=Amy (replacing xxxx with the correct port), you should see the following:

Troubleshooting

If you need to install .NET Core manually on Mac OS 10.12 (Sierra) and higher, do the following:

  1. Before you start installing .NET Core, ensure that you have updated all OS updates to the latest stable version. You can check this by going to the App Store application, and selecting the Updates tab.

  2. Follow the steps listed on the .NET Core site.

Make sure to complete all steps successfully to ensure that .NET Core is installed successfully.

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Summary

This guide gave an introduction to ASP.NET Core. It describes what it is, when to use it, and provided information on using it in Visual Studio for Mac.For more information on the next steps from here, refer to the following guides:

Mac
  • ASP.NET Core docs.
  • Creating Backend Services for Native Mobile Applications, which shows how to build a REST service using ASP.NET Core for a Xamarin.Forms app.
  • ASP.NET Core hands-on lab.

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Visual Studio for Mac is a .NET integrated development environment on the Mac that can be used to edit, debug, and build code and then publish an app. In addition to expected features, such as a standard editor and debugger, Visual Studio for Mac includes compilers, code completion tools, graphical designers, and source control to ease the software development process.

Visual Studio for Mac supports many of the same file types as its Windows counterpart, such as .csproj, .fsproj, or .sln files, and supports features such as EditorConfig, meaning that you can use the IDE that works best for you.Creating, opening, and developing an app will be a familiar experience for anyone who has previously used Visual Studio on Windows. In addition, Visual Studio for Mac employs many of the powerful tools that make its Windows counterpart such a powerful IDE. The Roslyn Compiler Platform is used for refactoring and IntelliSense. Its project system and build engine use MSBuild, and its source editor uses the same foundation as Visual Studio on Windows. It uses the same debugger engines for Xamarin and .NET Core apps, and the same designers for Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android.

What can I do in Visual Studio for Mac

Visual Studio for Mac supports the following types of development:

  • ASP.NET Core web applications with C#, F#, and support for Razor pages, JavaScript, and TypeScript
  • .NET Core console applications with C# or F#
  • Cross-platform Unity games and applications with C#
  • Android, iOS, tvOS, and watchOS applications in Xamarin with C# or F# and XAML
  • Cocoa desktop apps in C# or F#

This article explores various sections of Visual Studio for Mac, providing a look at some of the features that make it a powerful tool for creating these applications.

IDE tour

Visual Studio for Mac is organized into several sections for managing application files and settings, creating application code, and debugging.

Getting started

When you start Visual Studio 2019 for Mac, new users will see a sign-in window. Sign-in with your Microsoft account to activate a paid license (if you have one) or link to Azure subscriptions. You can press I'll do this later and sign in later via the Visual Studio > Sign in menu item:

You'll then be given the option to customize the IDE by selecting your preferred keyboard shortcuts: Visual Studio for Mac, Visual Studio, Visual Studio Code, or Xcode:

Signed-in users will see the new start window, which shows a list of recent projects, and buttons to open an existing project or create a new one:

Solutions and projects

The following image shows Visual Studio for Mac with an application loaded:

The following sections provide an overview of the major areas in Visual Studio for Mac.

Solution pad

The Solution Pad organizes the project(s) in a solution:

This is where files for the source code, resources, user interface, and dependencies are organized into platform-specific Projects.

For more information on using Projects and Solutions in Visual Studio for Mac, see the Projects and Solutions article.

Assembly references

Assembly references for each project are available under the References folder:

Additional references are added using the Edit References dialog, which is displayed by double-clicking on the References folder, or by selecting Edit References on its context menu actions:

For more information on using References in Visual Studio for Mac, see the Managing References in a Project article.

Dependencies / packages

All external dependencies used in your app are stored in the Dependencies or Packages folder, depending on whether you are in a .Net Core or Xamarin.iOS/Xamarin.Android project. These are usually provided in the form of a NuGet.

NuGet is the most popular package manager for .NET development. With Visual Studio's NuGet support, you can easily search for and add packages to your project to application.

To add a dependency to your application, right-click on the Dependencies / Packages folder, and select Add Packages:

Information on using a NuGet package in an application can be found in the Including a NuGet project in your project article.

Source Editor

Regardless of if you're writing in C#, XAML, or Javascript, the code editor the shares the same core components with Visual Studio Windows, with an entirely native user interface.

This brings some of the following features:

  • Native macOS (Cocoa-based) user interface (tooltips, editor surface, margin adornments, text rendering, IntelliSense)
  • IntelliSense type filtering and 'show import items'
  • Support for native text inputs
  • RTL/BiDi language support
  • Roslyn 3
  • Multi-caret support
  • Word wrap
  • Updated IntelliSense UI
  • Improved find/replace
  • Snippet support
  • Format selection
  • Inline lightbulbs

For more information on using the Source Editor in Visual Studio for Mac, see the Source Editor documentation.

To keep tabs visible at all times, you can take advantage of pinning them. This ensures that every time you launch a project, the tab you need will always appear. To pin a tab, hover over the tab and click the pin icon:

Refactoring

Visual Studio for Mac provides two useful ways to refactor your code: Context Actions, and Source Analysis. You can read more about them in the Refactoring article.

Debugging

Visual Studio for Mac has debuggers that support .NET Core, .NET Framework, Unity, and Xamarin projects. Visual Studio for Mac uses the .NET Core debugger and the Mono Soft Debugger, allowing the IDE to debug managed code across all platforms. For additional information on debugging, visit the Debugging article.

The debugger contains rich visualizers for special types such as strings, colors, URLs, as well as sizes, coordinates, and bézier curves.

For more information on the debugger's data visualizations, visit the Data Visualizations article.

Version control

Vs Remote Tools

Visual Studio for Mac integrates with Git and Subversion source control systems. Projects under source control are denoted with the branch listed next to the Solution name:

Files with uncommitted changes have an annotation on their icons in the Solution Pane, as illustrated in the following image:

For more information on using version control in Visual Studio, see the Version Control article.

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